Climate: The Along Forest Division falls within the limit of the geographical sub-tropical region, but the area experiences tropical climate with three distinct seasons viz. Summer rains and winter due to its location. The hills and plains of varying elevations are found intermixed in the area resulting in variation of climate from place to place. The summer season is less pronounced because of the early start of the pre-monsoon rains towards the end of the winter season. The winter season lasts from the month of November to the month of March. The rainy season starts with the intermittent pre-monsoon showers in the end of March, with merge with the monsoon rains toward the end of May. With the onset of the South West monsoon the humidity increases sharply and rise in the temperature makes the weather unpleasant particularly during the month of June, July and August. The hottest period is between July and August and the coldest period falls within December and January. The fertile soil, topography and climate have made this area favorable for growth of many kind of trees Shrubs, climbers and herbs.

Temperature: The temperature and the relative humidity data of Along forest Division from 1975 to 1996 was collected from the office of the District Statistical Officer , Along and are given in the Annexure IV. The mean maximum temperature of May, June, July, August and September are 31.730 C28.090C34.90 C35.210 C and 32.880 respectively, the hottest month being August. On the other hand, the colder months are from December to February with the mean minimum temperature of 10.630 C 9.050 and 10.450 C respectively, the coldest month being January.

Rain fall: The rainfall in the region is governed by both the southwest and northeast monsoon. The south west monsoon operates from May/June to September/ October and is responsible for more than three fourth of the total annual rainfall. The northeast monsoon accounts for the balance rainfall during the months from November to April. The details of the mean rainfall data of Along, Basar, Liromoba, Genssi, Turing, Monigong, Gelling, Kaying and Likabali are given in the tables in Annesure-5. The maximum amount of precipitation has being recorded in the month of July (520.80 mm) and the minimum being recorded in the month of December (Nill) during 1996. It is interesting to not that there is not a single dry month in the Division. Out of the different places in Along Division. Tuting appears to get the minimum mean annual precipitation (around 4.000mm.) and monigaon getting the minimum mean annual precipitation while Along, Basar, Liromoba, Likabali, Gelling, Keying and Gensi fall in intermediate high rainfall zone.

Wind: Winds are generally of low intensity during the South West monsoon season. During the rest of the year winds are generally moderate, which usually flow towards plains in the night and towards the hills during the day time.

Orchids: The following orchids occur in the Reserve Forests which are of very high value. Some of the endangered Orchids e.g. Coelogyne barbata, Galeola falconeri, Paphiopedilum fairieamurn, etc are also found in the Reserve Forests .These orchids need preservation as well as protection to avoid extinction of these species within a short span of time.

List of Orchids found in Arunachal Pradesh:

1	Acampe papillosa	23	B. penicillium	45	Cymbidium aloifolium	67	E. fragrans
2	A.rigida	24	Culanthe el aval a	46	C. mitnronianum	68	E. striata
3	Acanthophippium sylheinse	25	C. biloha	47	Dendrobium acinacijorme	69	E. graminifolia
4	Aerides mulliflorum	26	C. densiflora	48	D. aphyllum	70	E. spicala
5	A williamsii	27	Ceratostylis teres	49	D. caieartii	71	Gastrochil us calceolaris
6	Agrostophyllum brevipes	28	Chiloschista lumfera	50	D. cumalatum	72	G. dasypogon
7	Arundina graminifolia	29	Cleisocentrom triehromum	51	D. pimbiatum var, Oculaium	73	Galeo la fulconeri
8	Anthogonium gracile	30	Cleisostoma receniforum	52	D. densiflorum	74	Geodorum purpureitm
9	Arachnis clarkii	31	Cleisosioma filiforae	53	D. falconeri	75	Goodyer procera
10	Beirmannia bimaculaia	32	Coelogyne flavida	54	D. hookerianum	76	Kingigidium deliciesum
11	Bulhophyllum capillipes	33	C. barbata	55	D.jonkensii	77	Lipans duthiei
12	B. delitencens	34	C flaccula	56	D. pendulum	78	L. planlaginea
13	B. hirtum	35	C. grifflthii	57	Epigeneiwn amplum	79	Luisia lereiifolia
14	B sikkimense	36	C. nitida	58	Cryotochilus sanguinea	80	L. filiformis
15	B. leopardinum	37	C. prolif era	59	Diplomeris hirsute	81	Malaxis laifolia
16	B. acudum	38	C. schullesii	60	Eria acervata	82	Micropera mannii
17	Nervulia frammieana	39	Pleione praccex	61	Paphiopedilum fairieanum	83	Unsifera obtusifolia
18	Operonia maxima	40	Renenthera indica	62	Otochyllum fusca	84	Papilionthe teres
19	Oeacaulis	41	Thelasis Longfolia	63	Ornithochilus difformis	85	Vanda alpine
20	Phalaenopsis parishii	42	Pterocera guavcolens	64	Rhyncostylis retusa	86	Phaius flavus
21	P. tankervilliae	43	Trixperum pygmaeum	65	Pholidoda articulate	87	Tylostylis discolor
22	Pomatocalpa armigerum	44	Vanda coerulescens	66	Phreatia flegans	88	Zeuxine strateumatica

Regeneration status: The natural regeneration in these forests is generally poor and at places absent, except for some well stocked or medium stocked forest where natural regeneration has been found in varying degrees. The Rangge and Maru Jam Reserve Forests have not been operated for harvesting of timber and other major forest produce, in the past where occurrence of mature crop of trees inhibits young regeneration.

Injuries to which crop is liable: The climatic and edaptic factors prevailing in this region are in general conducive to the growth or forests and therefore these forests are less susceptible to various detrimental effects and injuries.
a) Fire: Occasional in Pine Forest in higher elevation. Other broad leave forests are not much affected.
b) Wind and storm: Infrequent but does considerable damage in generally pre-monsoon season.
c) Frost: Not much damage hits been observed in the forests.
d) Climbers: Climbers are detrimental to these forests and cause considerable damage to the forests. The damage caused to the standing crop by climber and lianas such as Aittcia pinncitu. Bciuhini vuhlii. Spaih< roxbvrghii. Vitix latifoiia, Ficus candem. Mikcnu-etc is considerably high.
e) Erosion: Riverbank erosion, land slides etc. cause considerable damage to ins crops.
f) Animals: Grazing by wild animals has not caused any serious damage to these forests though elephant cause some damage to young crop. Damage to crop by other animal is negligible.
g) Grazing: The incidence of grazing by the domestic cattle's in the forest and plantation areas are seen in and around the habitation.
h) Insects: No incidence of insect damage has been noticed in the natural crop. However in Gamari and leak plantation damage caused by the defoliators has been noticed.
i) Weeds: Weeds are heavy in the new plantation areas and have to be kept under control by frequent weedings.
j) Epiphytes: The most common Ficus species found in the forest are: Lorunthux ampullaceous Finis mysorensis.& Fallissima.eltisticu,Ficus reinsa which can cause damage to host trees.
k) Fungus: The fungi in general do not cause any major damage the forests.
l) Drought: Since the area receives sufficient and well distribute rainfall through-cut the year, the area is not subjected to drought.
m) Man: Man is the most influential agency that affects natural forests and causes major damage to forests. The destruction of forest by the man in the form of encroachment, Jhuming, Illegal felling of trees and causing forest fires etc. are main reasons for decrease in forest cover near habitation, villages, etc.
n) Wildlife: The damage to the forests by wild animals is not sufficient, though wild elephants may some times cause damage to the plantation.

Wild Life: The Division is rich in biodiversity. In the past wild animals were in abundance in the region. But of late with the increase in human population forests have been put under trernendous pressure for various developmental works. The wildlife has dwindled due to the customary hunting by local tribals. However the Division still has fairly large number of wildlife compared to adjoining Assam.

The important wildlife species found in the forests of the Division is given below:

MAMMALS:

Sl. No.	Family		Scientific Name	English Name	Local Assamese Name
1	Primates
	a)       Monkeys	1	Presbytes entellus	Common langur	Hollou
		2	Macaca assamensis	Assam macaque	Bander
		3	Rhesus macaque	Macaca mulata	Bander
	b)       Lemurs	1	Nycticebus coucang	Slow Loris	Lazuki Bander
2	carnivores felidas	1	Panthera tigris	Tiger	Bagh
		2	Panthera Pardus	Leopard	Nahar phutuki bagh
	a) Cats
		3	Neofelis nebulosa	Clouded leopard	--
		4	Felis bengalensis	Leopard cat	Lotamakuri bagh
		5	Felish chaus	Jungle cat	--
	b) Dogs	1	Coun alpinus	Wild dog	Ram kukur
		2	Canis aureus	Jackal	Boudh sial
		3	Vulpes bengalensis	Indian fox	Sial
	c) Civets veverridae	1	Veverra zibertha	Large Indian Civet	Hapah
		2	Viverricula indica	Small Indian Civet	Hapah
	d) Mongoose Harpestidae	1	Herpestes edwardsi	Common mongoose	Neul
		2	Herpestes auropunctatus	Small Indian mongoose	Neul, Udd.
	e) Other mustaiidae	1	Lutra lutra	Common otter

List of Endangered Wildlife of Arunachal Pradesh:
(i) Endangered Flora:        1. Magnolia griffithii HK. f. & Th..        2. M. gustavi King        3. Maglietia insignis BI.        4. Dicentra roylei HK.F.& Th.        5. Saurauia griffithii        6. Ilex embeloides HK.F        7. I.. Venul.osa H.K.f        8. Euonymus bullatus wall cx Lindl.        9. Phanera Khasiana (Baker) Thoth.        10. Merrilliopanax cordifolia Sastry        11. Mydelia mukherjiana.        12. Nertera sinensis Homsi.        13. Leptodermis scabrida        14. Rhododendron concinnoidea Hutch. Et. Ward.        15. R. nuttallii Booth        16. R. santapaui Sastry et al.        17. R. subansiriense Chamberlin        18. Alniphyllum fortunei (Hemsi) Makino        19. Haodendron biaristatum (Sm.) Rehder.        20. Pauia belladonna Deb et Detta.        21. Galeola nudifolia Lour.        22. Christnensenia aesculifolia (BI) Maxon        23. Agapetea subansirica G.D. Pal        24. Sapria himalayana Griff.        25. Primula subansirica G.D. Pal        26. Ophiorrhiza talevallensis G.D. Pal        27. Aconogonum pangianum G.D. Pal        28. Acanthephi sychetense Lind I        29. Coptis teeta Linn.

Source: Botanical Survey of India, Itanagar (ref.vide No. BST/ASS/1194-Tech/883 dt, 14-12-94)

(ii) Endangered fauna

A. Mammals:

1.	Hylobates hoolock (Harlan)	Hoolock Gibbon
2.	Helarctos malayanus (Raffles)	Malayan Sun Bear
3.	Urnus arctos isabellinus (Horslleld)	Himalayan Brown Bear
4.	Ailurus fulgens (Cuvier)	Red Panda
5.	Arctictis binturong (Raffles)	Binturong
6.	Priondon pardicolor (Hodgson)	Spotted Linsang
7.	Felis marmorata (Martin)	Marbled Cat
8.	Felis temmincki (Vigors & Horsfield)	Golden Cat
9.	Neofelis nebulosa (Griffith)	Clouded Leopard
10.	Moschus ohrysogaster (Hodgson)	Himalayan Musk Deer

B. Aves:

1.	Ciconia ciconia boyciana (Swinhoe)	Eastern White Stock
2.	Platalea leucorodia major (Temminck & Schlege)	White Spoon bill
3.	Falco biammicus (Temminck)	Lagger Falcon
4.	Tragopan temmincki (J.E. Gray)	Temminck's Tragopan
5.	Crossoptilon crossoptilon harmani (Elwes)	Elwes's Eared Pheasant
6.	Lophophorus soletari (Jardon)	Sclater's or Mishmi
7.	Eupodotis bengalensis (Gmelin)	Bengal Florican
8.	Buceros bicornis homrai (Hodgson)	Great Pied Hornbill

C. Reptiles:

1.	Crocodylus palustris (Lesson)	Marsh Crocodile/Mugger
2.	Varanus bengalensis (Daudin)	Common Indian Monitor
3.	Varanus flavescens (Hardwicke & Gray)	Yellow Monitor
4.	Python molurus (Linnaeus)	India Rock Python
5.	Python reticulates (Schneider)	Reticulated Python.

D. Amphibia:
1. Tylototriton verrucosus (Anderson)      Himalayan Newt.

Source : Zoological Survey of India (Ref. Vide kr. Mo. F.4-2/94-Tech/788 did. 14.12.94.)